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Variable
|
P-Value for Variable
|
Category
|
Case No. (%)
|
Non-case No. (%)
|
OR*
|
95% CI**
|
P-value for Category
|
|---|
|
Purebred Status
|
< 0.001
|
Crossbred
|
300 (17.1)
|
197,549 (21.8)
|
Base
| | |
| | |
Purebred
|
1429 (81.4)
|
703,601 (77.7)
|
1.34
|
1.18–1.51
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Purebred status unrecorded
|
27 (1.5)
|
4061 (0.4)
|
4.38
|
2.95–6.5
|
< 0.001
|
|
Breed
|
< 0.001
|
Crossbred
|
300 (17.1)
|
197,549 (21.8)
|
Base
| | |
| | |
Rhodesian Ridgeback
|
29 (1.7)
|
1495 (0.2)
|
12.77
|
8.70–18.76
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Rottweiler
|
139 (7.9)
|
7223 (0.8)
|
12.67
|
10.35–15.52
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Greyhound (Unspecified)
|
103 (5.9)
|
5511 (0.6)
|
12.31
|
9.82–15.42
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Great Dane
|
19 (1.1)
|
1258 (0.1)
|
9.95
|
6.23–15.86
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
German Pointer
|
21 (1.2)
|
1578 (0.2)
|
8.76
|
5.61–13.68
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Mastiff (Unspecified)
|
35 (2.0)
|
3096 (0.3)
|
7.44
|
5.24–10.58
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Pinscher (Unspecified)
|
29 (1.7)
|
2566 (0.3)
|
7.44
|
5.07–10.92
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Lurcher
|
53 (3.0)
|
6016 (0.7)
|
5.8
|
4.33–7.78
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Breed not recorded
|
27 (1.5)
|
4061 (0.4)
|
4.38
|
2.95–6.50
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Golden Retriever
|
65 (3.7)
|
9785 (1.1)
|
4.37
|
3.34–5.72
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Collie (Unspecified)
|
13 (0.7)
|
1983 (0.2)
|
4.32
|
2.47–7.54
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Fox Terrier
|
5 (0.3)
|
1013 (0.1)
|
3.25
|
1.34–7.88
|
0.009
|
| | |
Weimaraner
|
11 (0.6)
|
2414 (0.3)
|
3.00
|
1.64–5.48
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Standard Poodle
|
5 (0.3)
|
1128 (0.1)
|
2.92
|
1.20–7.08
|
0.018
|
| | |
Labrador Retriever
|
260 (14.8)
|
59,925 (6.6)
|
2.86
|
2.42–3.37
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Akita (Unspecified)
|
8 (0.5)
|
2037 (0.2)
|
2.59
|
1.28–5.23
|
0.008
|
| | |
Poodle (Unspecified)
|
4 (0.2)
|
1050 (0.1)
|
2.51
|
0.93–6.74
|
0.068
|
| | |
Boxer
|
35 (2.0)
|
9438 (1.0)
|
2.44
|
1.72–3.47
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Scottish Terrier
|
5 (0.3)
|
1455 (0.2)
|
2.26
|
0.93–5.48
|
0.071
|
| | |
German Shepherd Dog
|
65 (3.7)
|
21,360 (2.4)
|
2.00
|
1.53–2.62
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Tibetan Terrier
|
5 (0.3)
|
1870 (0.2)
|
1.76
|
0.73–4.27
|
0.210
|
| | |
Hungarian Vizsla
|
5 (0.3)
|
1976 (0.2)
|
1.67
|
0.69–4.04
|
0.258
|
| | |
American Bulldog
|
8 (0.5)
|
3225 (0.4)
|
1.63
|
0.81–3.3
|
0.171
|
| | |
Cairn Terrier
|
6 (0.3)
|
2470 (0.3)
|
1.60
|
0.71–3.59
|
0.255
|
| | |
Dogue de Bordeaux
|
7 (0.4)
|
3030 (0.3)
|
1.52
|
0.72–3.22
|
0.273
|
| | |
Labradoodle
|
17 (1.0)
|
7595 (0.8)
|
1.47
|
0.90–2.40
|
0.120
|
| | |
Alaskan Malamute
|
4 (0.2)
|
1915 (0.2)
|
1.38
|
0.51–3.69
|
0.527
|
| | |
Dalmatian
|
5 (0.3)
|
2720 (0.3)
|
1.21
|
0.50–2.93
|
0.672
|
| | |
English Springer Spaniel
|
30 (1.7)
|
20,198 (2.2)
|
0.98
|
0.67–1.42
|
0.908
|
| | |
Whippet
|
7 (0.4)
|
4684 (0.5)
|
0.98
|
0.46–2.08
|
0.967
|
| | |
Border Collie
|
29 (1.7)
|
22,403 (2.5)
|
0.85
|
0.58–1.25
|
0.412
|
| | |
Bulldog (Unspecified)
|
4 (0.2)
|
3232 (0.4)
|
0.81
|
0.30–2.19
|
0.685
|
| | |
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
|
63 (3.6)
|
53,934 (6.0)
|
0.77
|
0.59–1.01
|
0.058
|
| | |
Other Purebred
|
223 (12.7)
|
206,227 (22.8)
|
0.71
|
0.60–0.85
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
West Highland White Terrier
|
20 (1.1)
|
18,875 (2.1)
|
0.70
|
0.44–1.10
|
0.119
|
| | |
Cocker Spaniel
|
25 (1.4)
|
33,073 (3.7)
|
0.50
|
0.33–0.75
|
0.001
|
| | |
Beagle
|
6 (0.3)
|
8070 (0.9)
|
0.49
|
0.22–1.10
|
0.083
|
| | |
Jack Russell Terrier
|
33 (1.9)
|
48,569 (5.4)
|
0.45
|
0.31–0.64
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Border Terrier
|
6 (0.3)
|
9651 (1.1)
|
0.41
|
0.18–0.92
|
0.030
|
| | |
Bichon Frise
|
7 (0.4)
|
13,268 (1.5)
|
0.35
|
0.16–0.74
|
0.006
|
| | |
Husky
|
4 (0.2)
|
8524 (0.9)
|
0.31
|
0.12–0.83
|
0.020
|
| | |
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
|
7 (0.4)
|
17,257 (1.9)
|
0.27
|
0.13–0.57
|
0.001
|
| | |
French Bulldog
|
4 (0.2)
|
16,397 (1.8)
|
0.16
|
0.06–0.43
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Shar-Pei
|
NA (NA)
|
3647 (0.4)
| | | |
| | |
Cavachon
|
NA (NA)
|
3535 (0.4)
| | | |
| | |
Maltese
|
NA (NA)
|
3248 (0.4)
| | | |
| | |
Cavapoo
|
NA (NA)
|
4035 (0.4)
| | | |
| | |
Cockapoo
|
NA (NA)
|
18,260 (2.0)
| | | |
| | |
King Charles Spaniel
|
NA (NA)
|
2813 (0.3)
| | | |
| | |
Sprocker
|
NA (NA)
|
3338 (0.4)
| | | |
| | |
Miniature Poodle
|
NA (NA)
|
2415 (0.3)
| | | |
| | |
Boston Terrier
|
NA (NA)
|
1799 (0.2)
| | | |
| | |
Chow Chow
|
NA (NA)
|
1002 (0.1)
| | | |
| | |
Dachshund (Unspecified)
|
NA (NA)
|
1692 (0.2)
| | | |
| | |
Goldendoodle
|
NA (NA)
|
1128 (0.1)
| | | |
| | |
Jackapoo
|
NA (NA)
|
1362 (0.2)
| | | |
| | |
Jug
|
NA (NA)
|
1967 (0.2)
| | | |
| | |
Miniature Yorkshire Terrier
|
NA (NA)
|
1560 (0.2)
| | | |
| | |
Puggle
|
NA (NA)
|
1173 (0.1)
| | | |
| | |
Standard Dachshund
|
NA (NA)
|
1133 (0.1)
| | | |
|
KC Breed Group
|
< 0.001
|
Toy
|
26 (1.5)
|
131,897 (14.6)
|
Base
| | |
| | |
Gundog
|
484 (27.6)
|
135,606 (15.0)
|
18.11
|
12.20–26.87
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Hound
|
164 (9.3)
|
31,364 (3.5)
|
26.53
|
17.54–40.13
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Not KC Recognised
|
390 (22.2)
|
263,616 (29.1)
|
7.51
|
5.05–11.16
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Pastoral
|
144 (8.2)
|
51,675 (5.7)
|
14.14
|
9.31–21.47
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Terrier
|
153 (8.7)
|
145,828 (16.1)
|
5.32
|
3.51–8.07
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Utility
|
46 (2.6)
|
102,627 (11.3)
|
2.27
|
1.41–3.68
|
0.001
|
|
Body mass (kg)
|
< 0.001
|
< 10
|
89 (5.1)
|
213,321 (23.6)
|
Base
| | |
| | |
10–19.9
|
435 (24.8)
|
167,774 (18.5)
|
6.21
|
4.95–7.81
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
20–29.9
|
392 (22.3)
|
117,620 (13.0)
|
7.99
|
6.35–10.06
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
30–39.9
|
522 (29.7)
|
69,856 (7.7)
|
17.91
|
14.30–22.43
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
> 40
|
231 (13.2)
|
26,178 (2.9)
|
21.15
|
16.56–27.02
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Body mass Unrecorded
|
87 (5.0)
|
310,462 (34.3)
|
0.67
|
0.50–0.90
|
0.008
|
|
Age (y)
|
< 0.001
|
< 3
|
101 (5.8)
|
329,270 (36.4)
|
Base
| | |
| | |
3 to < 6
|
204 (11.6)
|
223,344 (24.7)
|
2.98
|
2.35–3.78
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
6 to < 9
|
589 (33.5)
|
162,000 (17.9)
|
11.85
|
9.60–14.64
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
9 to < 12
|
589 (33.5)
|
108,448 (12.0)
|
17.71
|
14.34–21.87
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
> 12
|
188 (10.7)
|
69,726 (7.7)
|
8.79
|
6.90–11.20
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Age Unrecorded
|
85 (4.8)
|
12,423 (1.4)
|
22.31
|
16.71–29.78
|
< 0.001
|
|
Sex/Neuter Status
|
< 0.001
|
Female Entire
|
41 (2.3)
|
233,772 (25.8)
|
Base
| | |
| | |
Female Neutered
|
507 (28.9)
|
197,768 (21.8)
|
14.62
|
10.63–20.10
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Male Entire
|
59 (3.4)
|
259,460 (28.7)
|
1.30
|
0.87–1.93
|
0.202
|
| | |
Male Neutered
|
574 (32.7)
|
209,982 (23.2)
|
15.59
|
11.35–21.4
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Sex Unrecorded
|
575 (32.7)
|
4229 (0.5)
|
775.24
|
563.91–1065.77
|
< 0.001
|
|
Dachshund Status
|
< 0.001
|
Non-Dachshund-type
|
1426 (81.2)
|
696,999 (77.0)
|
Base
| | |
| | |
Dachshund-type
|
3 (0.2)
|
10,288 (1.1)
|
0.14
|
0.05–0.44
|
0.001
|
| | |
Dachshund Status Unrecorded
|
327 (18.6)
|
197,924 (21.9)
|
0.81
|
0.72–0.91
|
< 0.001
|
|
Spaniel Status
|
< 0.001
|
Non-Spaniel-type
|
1360 (77.4)
|
630,349 (69.6)
|
Base
| | |
| | |
Spaniel-type
|
69 (3.9)
|
76,938 (8.5)
|
0.42
|
0.33–0.53
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Spaniel Status Unrecorded
|
327 (18.6)
|
197,924 (21.9)
|
0.77
|
0.68–0.86
|
< 0.001
|
|
Chondrodystrophy Status
| |
Non-Chondrodystriphic
|
1165 (66.3)
|
290,490 (32.1)
|
Base
| | |
| | |
Chondrodystrophic
|
165 (9.4)
|
331,858 (36.7)
|
0.12
|
0.11–0.15
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Chondrodystrophy Unrecorded
|
426 (24.3)
|
282,863 (31.2)
|
0.38
|
0.34–0.42
|
< 0.001
|
|
Skull Shape
|
< 0.001
|
Mesocephalic
|
982 (55.9)
|
452,296 (50.0)
|
Base
| | |
| | |
Brachycephalic
|
106 (6.0)
|
166,883 (18.4)
|
0.29
|
0.24–0.36
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Dolichocephalic
|
341 (19.4)
|
75,770 (8.4)
|
2.07
|
1.83–2.35
|
< 0.001
|
| | |
Skull Shape Unrecorded
|
327 (18.6)
|
210,262 (23.2)
|
0.72
|
0.63–0.81
|
< 0.001
|
- Legend: Descriptive statistics and univariable logistic regression results calculated using cases submitted to VPG Histology between 2008 and 2020, and controls enrolled in the VetCompass™ programme during 2016. Percentages represent percentage of the total study population. The breed percentages separated by case and non-case are listed in Supplementary Data Table S1. Results determine associations between demographic risk factors and osteosarcoma diagnosis in UK dogs. *OR Odds ratio **CI Confidence interval
